Tree nurseries are the underpinning of forest regeneration. The oldest in Canada began in southern Ontario over 100 years ago, and were key to the province’s crown forest programs until the 1990s when they were sold off to private interests. Only a few cities use plant material from their own tree nurseries; most rely on contracts with commercial nurseries. The best strategy for replanting is to use seed from a local source where the ecological traits best match those of the ecozone.