Like many other countries, Turkey is experiencing the effects of climate change, and is particularly vulnerable to the impact of temperature rise, which can cause drought, desertification, and loss of biodiversity. Hasankeyf, a historic town in southeastern Turkey, is particularly at risk due to its location on the banks of the Tigris River. The town has a rich history that dates back to the Neolithic period and has been inhabited by various civilizations over time. However, the town is facing the possibility of displacement due to the Ilısu Dam Project and future heat waves. Southeastern Turkey also has a rich history of earth dwellings, which were used extensively by the region’s various civilizations due to their sustainable and climate-adaptive nature. Earth dwellings are structures that are built partially or entirely below ground level, using materials such as earth, mud, or stone. They provide excellent insulation against temperature fluctuations, making them an effective solution to reducing the impact of extreme weather conditions such as heatwaves and cold spells. My thesis proposes underground housing as a solution to the challenges of climate change. Earth-sheltered housing has been shown to reduce heating and cooling costs and provide a stable temperature year-round, making it an effective solution to reducing the impact of extreme weather conditions.